Some studies cited in a 2025 review noted that while proline can protect cells at low levels, when metabolized by the enzyme proline oxidase it produces reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Furthermore, sensitivity analysis 27 , I 2 statistic and Cochrane Q test 28 , meta-regressions 29 , and Eggers test 30 were performed as previously described
Patients with more insulin-resistant phenotypes or elevated inflammatory markers may experience prolonged adjustment periods, whereas those with better metabolic baseline may tolerate escalation more rapidly
As inflammation is a key driver of metabolic syndrome, reducing inflammatory markers could help alleviate the disease burden
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Can fiber help with GLP-1 weight loss plateaus