Butyrate administered in pharmacological doses (5 mM) directly to ex vivo rat islets can increase GSIS (Wang et al., 2022), but this effect might potentially be due to mechanisms unrelated to its binding to FFARs, such as on chromatin remodelling (Priyadarshini et al., 2015), found that primary isolated wild-type mouse islets secrete 50% more insulin in a GSIS assay following co-stimulation with acetate and Exendin-4 compared to FFA2 KO islets
Back Samols, E, Marks, V (23 Feb 1963) 'Insulin assay in insulinomas', British Medical Journal , 1/5329, 507-10
Post-hoc analyses of weight loss trials provide additional context
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[4] [5] Patient safety advice : Attend all scheduled monitoring appointments, maintain adequate hydration, and keep a record of your home blood pressure readings if advised
Notably, most of the participants on the 15 mg dose achieved at least 20% weight loss