Air, water and food pollution, microplastic particles, nanoparticles, household chemicals and tobacco smoke are the most common epithelial barrier disrupting factors
Iron is essential for delivering oxygen to the hair follicle, and deficiency often leads to telogen effluvium, a condition where too many hairs enter the resting phase at once
By sequestering these actin monomers, the peptide facilitates rapid cell migration and survival
Once p53 is freed, it moves out of the nucleus toward the mitochondria and sets off the intrinsic apoptosis pathway (a caspase-driven self-destruct program)
1Thymosin 4 and cardiac protection: implication in inflammation and fibrosisPubMed / Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2012 2Thymosin beta 4: a multi-functional regenerative peptidePubMed / Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2012
GHK-Cu has more extensive human clinical research, particularly in dermatological applications