(PubMed) Historically, the rationale for Epitalon came from a broader theory of peptide bioregulation: the idea that short peptides may influence gene expression, tissue function, and age-related decline
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 51.Ventafridda V., Fochi C., De Conno D., Sganzerla E
Blood tests can show if you lack vitamin B12
In several RCTs, GLP-1RAs, when used alone or in combination with other hypoglycemic agents including metformin, sulfonylurea, DPP-4 inhibitor, thiazolidinedione, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, showed superior or non-inferior blood glucose lowering ability compared to insulin treatment [64,65]
this is discussed further on the TB-500 page
Those exclusions are stated plainly because accurate reader-product matching is how this works