Important safety considerations include the boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumors (contraindicated in patients with personal/family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2), risk of pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and acute kidney injury
that is, the effect of treatment was mediated by weight loss in both groups
However, this potential advantage is theoretical and requires further clinical investigation
Obesity is found in 35.5% of adults in households earning $15,000$25,000
Smaller trials and animal studies had suggested that GLP-1s might help slow cognitive decline or reduce neuro-inflammation, but larger trials like Novos were needed to confirm whether patients saw actual benefits
Abnormalities in mitochondria signaling lead to the production of free radicals like reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes DNA damage, affecting neural plasticity and behavior [150]