Retrieved from Spencer, J
compared pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to GLP1-RAs in early pregnancy (n = 168), combining all GLP1-RA drugs despite the differences in effectiveness, either for diabetes or obesity treatment with those in two reference groups: (i) women with diabetes exposed to at least one non-GLP1-RA anti-diabetic drug during the first trimester and (ii) a reference group of overweight/obese women without diabetes, between 2009 and 2022 (Dao et al
The effects of smoking are well-established and contradictorysignificantly increasing the risk of CD, disease activity, and the need for surgery/hospitalization [173, 278], However, smoking demonstrates a protective effect in UC [173, 279], and the risk of relapse in UC increases immediately after smoking cessation [280, 281], It may also amplify the effects of certain genetic variations through gene-environment interactions [282]
Shi et al., 2019
Despite our current understanding of the insulin action pathway, there are still areas that remain somewhat ambiguous

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