GLP-1 receptor agonistssuch as semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound)work by mimicking hormones that regulate blood sugar, appetite, and digestion
These changes can disrupt the adaptive regulation of oxygenation in the retinal blood vessels, inhibit angiogenesis, and lead to further deterioration of the already compromised vascular endothelium in hyperglycemic conditions, potentially accelerating the progression of existing diabetic retinopathy [5,6,7,8]
Oxygen in stem cell biology: a critical component of the stem cell niche
However, high-dose oral therapy (1,0002,000 g daily) may be effective in some cases through passive diffusion, with appropriate monitoring
The article names personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 as absolute contraindications, along with pregnancy
A prescription is required and results may vary