Unclassified (IBS-U) Diagnosis Clinical diagnosis using Rome IV criteria Investigations only to rule out organic disease: CBC, CRP, celiac serology, stool tests Colonoscopy if red flags present Management Lifestyle and Diet Increase fiber (soluble fiber for IBS-C) Low FODMAP diet for symptom relief Regular meals, hydration, avoid trigger foods Exercise and stress management Pharmacological IBS-C: laxatives, lubiprostone, linaclotide IBS-D: loperamide, rifaximin Pain / bloating: antispasmodics (hyoscine, dicyclomine) Psychological support: SSRIs or CBT if anxiety/depression present Patient Education Chronic but benign condition Focus on symptom control and lifestyle measures Abdominal pain relieved by defecation is classic Normal labs and imaging
Patient denied hematemesis, bloody stool, melena, or diarrhea
Macrocyclic peptides have demonstrated suitability as pharmaceuticals and recent advances have moved beyond mimicking natural cyclic peptides
Side Effects and Safety Profile The most common adverse effects observed in Phase 2 trials were gastrointestinal in nature and dose-dependent : nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation
Examples include Greek yogurt with nuts, a protein smoothie, or eggs with turkey sausage
If you consume more calories than you burn, you'll gain weight
