In another study on over 150 people, vegetarians, vegans, and those who adhered to a Mediterranean diet (rich in fruit, legumes, and vegetables) had lower TMAO levels [57]
You can read about other collagen boosting strategies here
doi: 10.3390/molecules22081303 29 OrianL.MauriP.RoveriA
It is widely known that mitochondrial dysfunction (high ROS production, apoptotic cells, decreased m, and low cellular ATP levels) boosts the pathogenesis of KOA because it involves lipid homeostasis and cytokine release and promotes cell apoptosis [14, 15]
The headline mechanism behind IV glutathione infusion is targeted, controlled injury or stimulation
These cytokines further perpetuate inflammation and contribute to IR and hepatocellular injury (Katsarou et al., 2020)