Research has actually shown that retinol combined with well-formulated & gentle exfoliants (like AHAs) helps to fade hyperpigmentation and actually improves the results you get from both ingredients
Tripeptide-29, for example, is considered a collagen peptide and may promote the synthesis of healthy collagen while preventing the production of denatured collagen (collagen with proteins that have lost their structural integrity).44 The other ingredient, plant glycogen, or phytoglycogen, may promote the production of ceramides, which can support overall skin health (e.g., maintain hydration, reduce inflammation, etc.)43 45 Concerning the product as a whole and similar to our pick from The Ordinary NIOD lists the pH of CAIS3 on its product page: 5.7-6.7, the entire range of which is mildly acidic
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, like SCFAs, were shown to play a pivotal role in the MGBA by elevating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the subjects' blood, worsening radiation-induced brain injury (Luo et al., 2022
Dantzer, R
In the presence of moisture, dichlorvos breaks down to form acidic products that are eventually mineralized
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 2008