Because B12 is water-soluble, it poses a very low toxicity risk
10.1016/0923-2508(96)80283-X Goh YJ, Goin C, OFlaherty S, Altermann E, Hutkins R: Specialized adaptation of a lactic acid bacterium to the milk environment: the comparative genomics of Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9
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B12 injections are intramuscular shots (meaning they go into the muscle), which are absorbed rapidly because of the great blood supply in the muscle
Unlike standard vitamins, certain herbs can influence circulation, hormonal pathways, or skin sensitivity
McCulloch typically uses 1,5002,000 mg/day clinical protocols often adjust from research doses based on patient presentation, tolerability, and the broader supplement strategy