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CONCLUSION Although more research and consensus are needed to determine the optimal length of time for holding GLP-1 receptor agonists before a procedure requiring anesthesia, it is important for practitioners and patients to be aware of the increased risks for aspiration and to consider strategies to mitigate harm
Abbreviations AA: Amino acid [Ca 2+ ] i : Cytoplasmic free Ca 2+ concentration DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 EGFP: Enhanced green fluorescent protein GCGR: Glucagon receptor GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1 GLP-1R: GLP-1 receptor GPCR: G protein-coupled receptor GRA: Glucagon receptor antagonist IC 50 : Half-maximal inhibitory concentration NPY: Neuropeptide Y PKA: Protein kinase A PPPG: Preproglucagon promoter P/Q-type Ca 2+ channel: Voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel sensitive to -agatoxin PTX: Pertussis toxin TIRF (microscopy): Total internal reflection fluorescence (microscopy) VGCC: Voltage-gated calcium channel References Cryer PE (2015) Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes: maladaptive, adaptive, or both
Done correctly, certain combinations produce better results than either peptide alone
GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide have demonstrated robust efficacy in obesity research, while dual GLP-1/GIP agonists like tirzepatide have pushed those results further
There's also emerging clinical attention to whether GLP-1 medications affect alcohol cravings in some patients research is ongoing
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