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It is investigated for reducing inflammation and improving wound healing [34, 38]

Furthermore, studies reveal that KYN pathway metabolites, particularly quinolinic acid (QA), are significantly elevated in CKD patients due to altered tryptophan metabolism by gut microbiota

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This leads to ferritin degradation, increased labile iron release, elevated lipid peroxidation, and disruption of neuronal membrane integrity

Such aberrant ferritin deposits not only compromise the structure and function of ocular cells but also accelerate disease progression

In terms of regulations, the only pharmacological medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for ASD are risperidone and aripiprazole (McCracken et al., 2021)