In support of this, ICV administration of GLP-1 in rats has been shown to attenuate the fasting-induced rise in NPY/AgRP expression and decreases fasting-induced inhibition of POMC/CART expression in the ARC (Seo et al., 2008)
A particularly promising approach involves the rational design of combination therapies that synergistically integrate ferroptosis inducers with emerging immunotherapeutic modalities, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, or cancer vaccines
MTS absorbances of inhibitor-treated wells were normalized to those of untreated cells as previously described 80
The treatment of obesity and its co-occurrence with substance use disorders
Cysteine and homocysteine metabolism are influenced by dietary factors, including the intake of methionine, vitamins (B6, B12, folate), and other nutrients
Supplementary Material Abbreviations Used 1,25(OH) 2 VD 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 25(OH)VD 25-hydroxyvitamin D ANOVA analysis of variance BMI body mass index BW body weight cDNA complementary DNA CT threshold cycle CYP cytochrome P450 enzymes DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GCL glutamate-cysteine ligase GCLC glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GCLM glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit GLUT-4 glucose transporter type 4 GSH glutathione GM growth medium HFD high-fat diet HOMA homeostatic model assessment HPLC high performance liquid chromatography IR insulin resistance KD knockdown LC L-cysteine MDA malondialdehyde NRF2 nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor OO olive oil PCR polymerase chain reaction PGC-1 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha PTH parathyroid hormone RXR retinoic X receptor TNF- tumor necrosis factor alpha VD vitamin D VDBP vitamin D binding protein VDR vitamin D receptor Footnotes * Acknowledgments The authors are supported by grants from NIH (R01 AT007442) and the Malcolm Feist Endowed Chair in Diabetes
