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& Minor, W
Hypoxia causes the production of ROS, which inhibit the degradation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) (78)
Eichenbaum G, Wilsey JT, Fessel G, et al
RGD-GHK also exhibited strong anti-senescent properties in human and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, as well as in vitro wound-healing properties and the ability to repair the skin barrier
Compared to BPC-157, which acts primarily via the nitric oxide and growth hormone receptor pathways, and TB-500, which functions through actin sequestration and VEGF signalling, GHK-Cu operates largely through copper-mediated gene expression modulation and extracellular matrix remodelling