Other conditions worth considering include: Type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes , where insulin resistance affects how the body processes and stores energy Cushing's syndrome , caused by excess cortisol, which promotes central weight gain Perimenopause and menopause , which are associated with hormonal changes that can affect body composition and fat distribution Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) , which disrupts sleep quality and is associated with weight gain and metabolic changes Depression and anxiety , which can affect appetite regulation, sleep, and motivation Heart, kidney, or liver conditions , which can cause fluid retention and apparent weight gain Certain medicines , including corticosteroids, some antidepressants (such as mirtazapine), some antipsychotics, insulin, sulfonylureas, pioglitazone, valproate, and some gabapentinoids, which may promote weight gain as a side effect

Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/insects Fernndez-Salas A, Rodrguez-Vivas RI, Alonso-Daz MA (2012) First report of a Rhipicephalus microplus tick population multi-resistant to acaricides and ivermectin in the Mexican tropics
Methods Enzymol 252:2630
In the case of obesity, the weight loss effects dont come from the gut but originate in the brain
[doi: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_166_24]
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