ER stress triggers three branch pathways of the UPR, involving activation of transcription factor 6 (ATF6) (Shen et al., 2005), IRE1 (Chen and Brandizzi, 2013), and PERK (Figure 1)
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Sadat Rafiei SK, Abolghasemi S, Frashidi M, et al
Rapid recovery: Increased production of GH aids in the fast recovery of tissues, especially beneficial after intense workouts or injuries
DS develops various complications such as neurological, skeletal, cardiovascular, and immunological defects 1 , but is perhaps best known for being the most common genetic cause of mental retardation and intellectual disability 2 , occurring at a rate of 1 in 800 to 1000 births 3,4
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