While transdermal patch delivery systems are under investigation, all commercially available GLP-1 therapies require subcutaneous injection (semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide) or oral administration (Rybelsus)
In the GLP-1 RA vs DPP-4 inhibitor cohort, we observed the same pattern
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273 Furthermore, a study using the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rat model further confirmed that subcutaneous injection of liraglutide at 50 g/kg/day, whether for 3 weeks or 6 weeks, could reduce OARSI scores, highlighting the potential of liraglutide in treating joint degeneration
This can lead to extreme frustration or a declining mental state
While the precise mechanism of NAION remains unknown, the effects of GLP-1 on vascular function, glucose homeostasis, and neuroprotection may potentially influence NAION development
