Immunohistochemistry of brain tissues from mice treated with GHK showed evidence of decreased inflammation and increased labeling of histone deacetylase 2, suggesting that in addition to an anti-inflammatory effect, GHK may be triggering an epigenetic pathway in the amelioration of cognitive impairment in aging mice
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GHK-Cus gene expression effects modulating an estimated 4,000+ genes in published research by Pickart and Margolina operate at the cellular level throughout distributed tissues when administered systemically
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Research interest nonetheless expanded considerably through the 1980s and 1990s, as investigators began exploring DSIP's broader neuroendocrine roles, including its interactions with the HPA axis, circadian timing systems, and stress-response pathways, establishing the compound as a multifunctional regulatory neuropeptide whose biological significance extends well beyond its original sleep-focused characterization