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(PubMed) Chi X, Zhang R, Shen N, et al
Caffeines neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity shows no tolerance to chronic caffeine administration in mice
A guide to neurotoxic animal models of Parkinsons disease
It regenerates antioxidants like vitamins C and E, amplifying defense systems, and detoxifies harmful substances via the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pathway
It has been shown that hyperhomocysteinemia induces endothelial dysfunction, impairment of blood brain barrier (BBB) and thrombosis with subsequent translocation of leukocytes and immune cells into CNS (Dubchenko et al