Viral persistence and associated inflammation in olfactory neuro-epithelium may account for prolonged or relapsing symptoms in PASC, such as anosmia 275
Furthermore, the released adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can bind ionic and metabolic purine receptors on antigen-presentation cells (APCs) to stimulate the maturation and chemotactic induction of APCs 30
[3] [4] According to the MHRA-approved Summary of Product Characteristics, the formulation also contains several inactive excipients that serve specific pharmaceutical purposes: Disodium phosphate dihydrate provides buffering capacity to maintain pH stability Propylene glycol acts as a co-solvent and stabilising agent Phenol functions as an antimicrobial preservative Water for injections serves as the vehicle for the solution Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may be used for pH adjustment These excipients are standard pharmaceutical ingredients used in injectable medications and are present in carefully controlled quantities to ensure product stability, sterility, and patient safety
10.1039/d1fo01729b 326 ZhaZ.LvY.TangH.LiT.MiaoY.ChengJ.et al (2020)
[6] This interaction is hypothesized to trigger a cascade of intracellular signaling mechanisms
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