Microbial-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, tryptophan derivatives, including indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and lipid derivatives, play a bridging role between the gut and host ( Figure 2 ) [39, 40]
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Salehi M et al
Stimulation of fat oxidation and muscle mass While the liver is qualitatively critical for glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle is quantitatively essential since skeletal muscle accounts for 35%45% of body weight and up to 70%80% of total glucose disposal after insulin stimulation
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References Gabe MBN, Breitschaft A, Knop FK, et al