At a molecular weight of approximately 340 Da as the free tripeptide (see the GHK-Cu compound overview), it sits below the 500 Da threshold commonly associated with good dermal penetration a key reason GHK-Cu topical serum formulations achieve dermal absorption where many larger cosmetic peptides do not
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of GHK-Cu The brain's high metabolic activity results in elevated oxygen consumption and constant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria
Mechanism of Action Glutathione : Acts directly as an antioxidant and supports cellular detoxification processes
Typical Use Cases (Cosmetic vs Therapeutic) Injections typically produce effects throughout the body, so they may be effective for whole-body peptide protocols in therapeutic contexts
In redox signalling research, GSH participates in protein glutathionylation, a reversible post-translational modification that protects protein thiol groups under oxidative conditions
These peptides must be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water before injection