Collagen and extracellular matrix support GHK-Cu stimulates fibroblast proliferation and upregulates the expression of genes involved in synthesizing collagen, elastin, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and decorin key structural proteins and proteoglycans that form the skins extracellular matrix
Copper compounds are also used as actives or excipients in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, e.g., copper peptide for skin regeneration purposes, cupric aspirinate and cupric salicylate for rheumatoid arthritis treatment, copper conjugated dendrimer for anti-tumoral activity, and copper liposome for enhanced stability of doxorubicin 5,6,7,8,9
Effective for superficial skin concerns but limited systemic distribution
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0515 Cancer Res
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Genetically susceptible follicles, particularly those at the crown and temples, possess higher concentrations of androgen receptors, making them more vulnerable to DHT-induced damage
