The catalytic activity of cIII depends on three redox-active subunits: cytochrome b (MT-CYB), the Rieske iron-sulfur [Fe2-S2] protein (UQCRFS1), and cytochrome c1 (CYC1) (Yang and Trumpower, 1986)
Whether combining these specific compounds produces additive or synergistic effects has not been formally studied, but the non-overlapping mechanisms provide a theoretical rationale
The double-sided pads feature a jelly-like side to soothe and hydrate skin and a gauze side to gently exfoliate
Apply daily SPF 50, limit sun/heat exposure for 48 hours, avoid harsh exfoliants for 72 hours, and hydrate well
There's really no group that can't use them
However, this is usually due to the purity of the product or the filler used in the vial rather than the peptide itself