In the brain, most of the zinc ion is tightly bound to proteins, but free zinc is present in synaptic vesicles and has a role in neurotransmission mediated by glutamate and GABA (76)
Although structurally related to the more extensively studied GHK-Cu, AHK-Cu has been investigated primarily for its effects on hair follicle biology, skin regeneration, and extracellular matrix remodeling
In the brain, NAD+ supports: ATP production (cellular energy) Neurotransmitter synthesis and regulation DNA repair and cellular recovery Overall neuronal efficiency As NAD+ levels declinedue to age, stress, poor sleep, alcohol use, or illnessthe brain becomes less efficient
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-12-05219.2002 35
The skin rejuvenation trials cited (4171 women) are relatively small by modern standards
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4218 Cancer Res