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Protein metabolism Promotes protein synthesis Reduces protein breakdown Insulin Secretion Triggered by: High blood glucose (e.g., after meals) Amino acids GI hormones (incretins) Parasympathetic stimulation Inhibited by: Low blood glucose Sympathetic stimulation (adrenaline, noradrenaline) Lack of Insulin Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune destruction of beta cells Little or no insulin production Requires lifelong insulin therapy Type 2 Diabetes Insulin resistance + decreased insulin secretion May require insulin if oral drugs are insufficient Clinical Uses of Insulin Type 1 diabetes (always) Type 2 diabetes (if uncontrolled) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Hyperkalemia (shifts K+ into cells) Gestational diabetes Side Effects of Insulin Hypoglycemia (most common) Symptoms: sweating, tremor, confusion, headache Weight gain Lipodystrophy at injection site Allergic reactions (rare) Storage and Administration Injected subcutaneously (abdomen, thigh, arm) Rotate injection sites Store unopened vials in the fridge Opened insulin kept at room temp (up to 28 days, depends on type) Important Patient Education Monitor blood glucose regularly Match insulin with meals Treat hypoglycemia promptly (e.g., glucose tablets, juice) Never skip meals after rapid-acting insulin Know signs of low and high sugar To view or add a comment, sign in More Relevant Posts MLS (ASCP) Model Question Bank (Clinical chemistry-05): Q51

Reduced Inflammation: Hence, the anti-inflammatory property of these peptides should be further investigated to understand some of their potent mechanisms in managing chronic inflammatory conditions and general tissue health

Patients describe it as a shadow or dark curtain obscuring part of their visual field, or a general dimming that makes colors seem washed out

This slowdown triggers nausea, early fullness, and changes in bowel habits as your nervous system adapts to new signaling patterns

In particular, exendin-4 was discovered in the secretions of the venom glands of the Arizona gila monster (Heloderma suspectum), which actively interacts with human GLP-1 receptors while being resistant to the action of DPP-4 (see Figure 2)

It can be difficult to burn stubborn body fat in troubled areas, regardless of how hard you work