Tolerance and dose creep Some long-term users report that a previously effective dose becomes less potent over time
Abbreviations AFB1: Aflatoxin B1 ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase CAT: Catalase CFU: Colony-Forming Unit CRISPR-Cas9: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-associated protein 9 CRP: C-Reactive Protein DON: Deoxynivalenol ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay EPS: Exopolysaccharides FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization GI: Gastrointestinal GPx: Glutathione Peroxidase GRAS: Generally Recognized as Safe HPLC: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography IL-10: Interleukin-10 LAB: Lactic Acid Bacteria LC-MS/MS: Liquid ChromatographyTandem Mass Spectrometry MDA: Malondialdehyde OTA: Ochratoxin A pH: Potential of Hydrogen qPCR: Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species SCFA: Short-Chain Fatty Acids SOD: Superoxide Dismutase TBARS: Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances TNF-: Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha WHO: World Health Organization ZEA: Zearalenone ZEN: Zearalenone (alternate abbreviation) ZO-1: Zonula Occludens-1 16S rRNA: 16 S Ribosomal RNA Sequencing References Abbasnezhad A, Salami F, Mohebbati R (2022) A review: systematic research approach on toxicity model of liver and kidney in laboratory animals
10.1073/pnas.1615159113 114 NishizawaH.MatsumotoM.ShindoT.SaigusaD.KatoH.SuzukiK.et al (2020)
As a water-soluble vitamin, B12 is stored in the liver and supports digestion, immunity, and overall health
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Not everyone may be an appropriate candidate
