In these rare cases, sterile saline is used
however, Stress IV has more of a proven research base to support its effects on reducing inflammation
Potential side effects may include injection-site redness, swelling, bruising, itching, tenderness, small lumps, headache, fatigue, nausea, appetite changes, abdominal discomfort, stool changes, dizziness, altered sleep, mood changes, or feeling off. Allergic or immune reactions are also possible, and the FDA has specifically raised concerns about immunogenicity and peptide-related impurities in compounded BPC-157
10.1186/s13046-017-0511-7 123 SoulaM.WeberR
For example, its involved in the synthesis of the inflammatory mediators leukotrienes and prostaglandins
The increased level of inflammatory cytokines is perhaps a result of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which may further weaken the integrity of the gut barrier